GMAT繁杂世界，关注一个就够了 导语“当霞姐决定起笔写这一套逻辑篇时，我首先去看了看外面的世界，把市面上各种讲解GMAT逻辑的书读了个遍。这才发现，直到今天，霞姐仍旧是一个偏“浮躁”的人——各种五花八门，众说纷纭的资料看得我心烦意乱。同时，霞姐还是一个大俗人，俗人的思想，总是希望规避繁杂。我总感觉，在这些公说公有理，婆说婆有理的资料背后，必然有简单而共同的规律。换句话说，对于GMAT逻辑题，我只希望练就一种强悍的功力，面对任何问题都可以迎刃而解。 与我在语法篇中力求做到的“无微不至”不同，我希望这套逻辑的讲解是干净整洁的。 逻辑题的基本概况GMAT逻辑题的全称是 Critical Reasoning（逻辑推理）, 大家习惯简称为CR。 逻辑题出现在考试的Verbal部分，占据了36道题中的9-10道。我们都知道，Verbal部分考试总时间为65分钟，平均下来，分配给每道题目的做题时间是1分48秒。 这是一个什么概念呢？一道题从读题到作出选择的总时间不能超过两分钟，意味着超过90%的学生到最后都发现自己败给了考试时间。而我们可以看看一道逻辑题在考试中出现的样子：Comcorp Shipping Clerk : Last week , no shipments of building supplies were sent out on Friday. The five specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday ,and each of those specially ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies . Four shipments were sent to Truax Construction last week , none of which consisted of buildingsupplies . If the shipping clerk's statements are true , which of the following must also be true? A. All of Comcorp ’ s shipments of building supplies last week were specially ordered .B. None of Comcorp ’ s shipments sent on Friday of last week was sent to Truax Construction .C. None of the shipments sent by Comcorp to Truax Construction last week was specially ordered .D. None of Comcorp ’ s shipments sent on Thursday of last week was sent to Truax Construction .E. All of Comcorp ’ s shipments of building supplies last week were sent out on Thursday . 你会发现，逻辑题往往是给出一段短文章，然后提出一个问题，有五个选项可供选择，其中只有一个选项是正确的。 再回到“时间”这个话题。如果每个人都有足够多的时间，你把一道逻辑题完全读懂，然后每个选项慢慢地比对，选对一道题并不困难。但是，在有限的时间内，你很难读完一道题里的所有信息。 有的同学会说，那我通过不断提高自己的阅读速度，不就能更有把握的做题吗？这种想法恰恰与霞姐的策略背道而驰。在接下来的逻辑篇章里，我的任务就是反复的训练你一种强悍的“思维路径”，教你如何在短时间内只抓取题目中有效的信息，从而在并不懂文章讲什么的基础上，也可以选对一道题。 CR题考察的能力首先，我们来一起读一读OG上对逻辑题是如何解读和要求的。“What Is MeasuredCritical reasoning questions are designed to provide one measure of your ability to reason effectively in the following areas:Argument constructionQuestions in this category may ask you to recognize such things as the basic structure of an argument, properly drawn conclusions, underlying assumptions, well-supported explanatory hypotheses, and parallels between structurally similar arguments.Argument evaluationThese questions may ask you to analyze a given argument and to recognize such things as factors that would strengthen or weaken the given argument; reasoning errors committed in making that argument; and aspects of the method by which the argument proceeds.Formulating and evaluating a plan of actionThis type of question may ask you to recognize such things as the relative appropriateness, effectiveness, or efficiency of different plans of action; factors that would strengthen or weaken the prospects of success of a proposed plan of action; and assumptions underlying a proposed plan of action. Test-Taking StrategiesRead very carefully the set of statements on which a question is based. Pay close attention to what is put forward as factual information what is not said but necessarily follows from what is said, what is claimed to follow from facts that have been put forward how well substantiated are any claims that a particular conclusion follows from the facts that have been put forward. In reading the arguments, it is important to pay attention to the logical reasoning used; the actual truth of statements portrayed as fact is not important.Identify the conclusion. The conclusion does not necessarily come at the end of the text; it may come somewhere in the middle or even at the beginning. Be alert to clues in the text that an argument follows logically from another statement or statements in the text.Determine exactly what each question asks. You might find it helpful to read the question first, before reading the material on which it is based; don’t assume that you know what you will be asked about an argument. An argument may have obvious flaws, and one question may ask you to detect them. But another question may direct you to select the one answer choice that does NOT describe a flaw in the argument.Read all the answer choices carefully. Do not assume that a given answer is the best without first reading all the choices. 看完了官方的长篇大论，霞姐只想强调上面所说的一点，在上文谈到的做题“Strategies”时，官方指南中特别的强调了一种“步骤”：第一步：先读题干第二步：然后再阅读段落第三步：最后通过段落的信息，整理出逻辑框架和脉络，选出合适的答案。因此，你会发现，先阅读题干，确定题目考察方式，是解决逻辑题起始的关键一步。所谓“题目的考察方式”，就是我们根据逻辑题的题干，将逻辑题分为了以下几种题型：（1） 归纳题（2） 削弱题（3） 加强（4） 假设（5） 评价（6） 解释题（7） 填空题（8） 句子作用题在之后的逻辑篇章里，我们将逐一对以上的题型进行详细的剖析。 对于CR题，通过阅读题干来确定题目的类型，这一步虽然重要，但并不是难点。在前文中，我们提到，有些同学试图通过提高自己的阅读速度，在短时间内把逻辑题的内容全部读懂，以“完全”解决逻辑题，这是一个误区。 大部分的初学者会有一种错觉，觉得在逻辑题的段落中，每一个细节点都非常重要，试图对所有的细节都运筹帷幄，结果一切徒劳。还有一种学生是“天生逻辑盲”，脑袋一团浆糊，更不知道如何对推理过程进行分析和评价。再加上考试时间的紧迫性，这些问题都会在考试中被无限放大。 而霞姐想要做的和能够做的，就是帮助大家用最短的时间理清原文内部的逻辑关系，我把这种关系称之为“原文逻辑链”。当形成“逻辑链”后，我们就能快速对逻辑链条上可能出现的考察点进行评价。 最后，霞姐希望，经历这一套逻辑题干货的洗礼后，你能够达到一种极高的“境界”——你会发现解决逻辑题是一种行云流水的本能，思维推进和演变“天人合一”，而无需刻意对任何题目进行分类和生搬硬套。 霞姐GMAT是啥？“霞姐GMAT”是由魔力学院创始人，原新东方GMAT名师张海霞根据自己多年的教学和创业经验整理出的一系列GMAT干货作品。 “霞姐GMAT”是一本书，它虽不能被称为“GMAT”圣经，但它无微不至，试图让更多GMAT的备考者远离繁杂无章的各种学习资料，只用好一本书解决所有的GMAT问题。 “霞姐GMAT”也是一种方法，通往GMAT的成功道路有很多条，但我们希望这条我们倡导的“思维路径”是一条最快，最轻松的道路。 谁是霞姐？张海霞，江湖人称“霞姐”。 从北大学霸到新东方名师，从新东方名师到最美丽的创业者。自2010年起在新东方讲授GMAT语法等课程，强调通过系统的语法学习来全面提升英语的写作、阅读等综合能力。曾创造新东方史上前无古人后无来者的公开课78人全满分记录；三个月玩虐考研跨考，从北航考入北大，“看透”是快速“突破”的唯一出路。讲课气场强大、逻辑严谨，风趣幽默，自认为已摸透GMAC老头们的出题套路。曾有学员上完课后赞曰“你的课太强大了，我语法肯定可以全对”。